- Traditional Mead
- Overview: Also known as “Show Mead,” this is mead in its purest form—just honey, water, and yeast.
- Flavor Profile: The flavor hinges on the type of honey used. It can range from light and delicate to rich and robust.
- Notes: Without any additional ingredients, the nuances of the honey shine through, making the choice of honey varietal crucial.
- Melomel (Fruit Mead)
- Overview: Mead fermented or flavored with fruits.
- Subtypes:
- Cyser: Mead made with apples or apple juice; essentially a blend of mead and cider.
- Flavor: Crisp, with apple notes complementing the sweetness of honey.
- Pyment: Mead made with grapes or grape juice.
- Flavor: A fusion of wine and mead characteristics; can be red or white, dry or sweet.
- Berry Melomels: Made with berries like raspberries, blackberries, or strawberries.
- Flavor: Fruity and refreshing, with tartness balancing the honey’s sweetness.
- Cyser: Mead made with apples or apple juice; essentially a blend of mead and cider.
- Notes: Melomels showcase how fruits can add complexity and depth to mead.
- Metheglin (Spiced Mead)
- Overview: Mead infused with spices and/or herbs.
- Common Ingredients: Cinnamon, cloves, ginger, nutmeg, chamomile, hibiscus, or herbs like rosemary and thyme.
- Flavor Profile: Spices and herbs add warmth, aromatics, or earthiness.
- Historical Context: Metheglin was often used medicinally in the past due to the healing properties attributed to certain herbs and spices.
- Braggot (Mead-Beer Hybrid)
- Overview: A hybrid of mead and beer, made by fermenting honey with malted grains.
- Ingredients: Honey, malted barley (or other grains), hops (sometimes).
- Flavor Profile: Combines the maltiness of beer with the sweetness of mead; can be hopped like beer for bitterness.
- Notes: Braggot bridges the gap between beer enthusiasts and mead lovers.
- Bochet (Caramelized Mead)
- Overview: Mead made with caramelized or burnt honey.
- Process: Honey is heated until it darkens and develops caramel or toffee notes before fermentation.
- Flavor Profile: Rich, with flavors of caramel, toffee, marshmallow, or burnt sugar.
- Notes: Caramelizing the honey transforms its sugars, leading to a unique taste experience.
- Acerglyn (Maple Mead)
- Overview: Mead made with maple syrup in addition to or instead of honey.
- Flavor Profile: Maple notes add richness and depth; can be sweet and earthy.
- Notes: A delightful fusion for fans of maple flavors.
- Capsicumel (Chile Mead)
- Overview: Mead made with chili peppers.
- Flavor Profile: Sweetness from the honey balanced with heat from the peppers; the spice level can vary.
- Notes: Ideal for those who enjoy a kick of heat; the honey soothes the palate after the spice.
- Rhodomel (Rose Mead)
- Overview: Mead flavored with rose petals or rose hips.
- Flavor Profile: Floral and fragrant, with a delicate touch that complements the honey.
- Historical Context: Rhodomel traces back to ancient Greece and Rome, where roses were prized for their beauty and flavor.
- Morat
- Overview: Mead made with mulberries.
- Flavor Profile: A balance of sweetness and tartness from the mulberries, with deep fruity notes.
- Hippocras
- Overview: A spiced wine traditionally made with honey, sometimes considered a type of mead.
- Common Spices: Cinnamon, ginger, cloves, and sugar.
- Flavor Profile: Sweet and spicy; warming.
- Black Mead
- Overview: Mead made with blackcurrants.
- Flavor Profile: Rich and dark fruit flavors, with a balance of sweetness and tartness.
- Melomel Variants
- Morat: Made with mulberries.
- Rubamel: Made with raspberries.
- Carmel: Made with cherries.
- Peach Melomel: Made with peaches.
- Short Mead (Quick Mead)
- Overview: Mead made to ferment and be consumed quickly, often within a few weeks.
- Flavor Profile: Light and less complex; designed for early drinking.
- Notes: Ideal for novice meadmakers or when mead is needed on short notice.
- Sack Mead
- Overview: A sweeter, more alcoholic mead.
- Flavor Profile: Rich and full-bodied, often with higher residual sugar content.
- Notes: The term “sack” refers to the mead being “full” or “plentiful” in sweetness and alcohol.
- Great Mead
- Overview: Mead intended for long-term aging.
- Flavor Profile: Develops complexity over time; aging can soften alcohol heat and meld flavors.
- Notes: Patience is rewarded; some meads can age gracefully for many years.
- Hydromel
- Overview: A French term for a lighter, lower-alcohol mead.
- Flavor Profile: Light and refreshing; can be still or sparkling.
- Notes: Comparable to session meads; easy to drink.
- Short Mead vs. Long Mead
- Short Mead: Quick fermentation; consumed young.
- Long Mead: Fermented over a longer period; aged before consumption for better flavor development.
- Experimental Meads
- Coffee Mead: Infused with coffee beans or brewed coffee.
- Flavor: Rich and roasty notes; caffeine content adds a unique twist.
- Tea Mead: Made by adding tea leaves or brewed tea.
- Flavor: Aromatic and varied depending on the type of tea (e.g., Earl Grey, green tea).
- Herbal Mead: Incorporates herbs like lavender, basil, or thyme.
- Flavor: Herbal notes can be subtle or pronounced, adding depth.
- Chocolate Mead: Made with cocoa nibs or chocolate.
- Flavor: Decadent and rich; a dessert mead.
Mead by Sweetness Level
- Dry Mead: Minimal residual sugar; crisp and less sweet.
- Semi-Sweet Mead: Moderate residual sugar; balanced sweetness.
- Sweet Mead: Higher residual sugar; rich and luscious.
- Dessert Mead: Very sweet; often higher in alcohol and served in smaller portions.
Carbonation Levels
- Still Mead: No carbonation; like traditional wine.
- Petillant Mead: Lightly carbonated; gentle bubbles.
- Sparkling Mead: Fully carbonated; effervescent like champagne.
Understanding Mead Components
- Honey Varietals: The type of honey significantly influences flavor.
- Examples:
- Orange Blossom: Floral and citrusy.
- Clover: Mild and versatile.
- Buckwheat: Bold, earthy, and malty.
- Wildflower: Variable flavors based on local flora.
- Examples:
- Yeast Selection: Different yeast strains impact fermentation and flavor profiles.
- Wine Yeasts: Often used for mead; can enhance certain flavors.
- Beer Yeasts: Used in braggots; impact the body and mouthfeel.
- Additives and Adjuncts: Spices, fruits, herbs, and other ingredients diversify mead types.
- Aging and Maturation: Time allows flavors to meld and develop complexity.
Pairing Mead with Food
- Dry Meads: Pair with salads, seafood, poultry, and mild cheeses.
- Sweet Meads: Complement spicy dishes, desserts, and strong cheeses like blue or aged cheddar.
- Spiced Meads: Excellent with roasted meats, barbecue, and hearty stews.
- Fruit Meads (Melomels): Great with fruit tarts, cheesecake, or as an aperitif.
Cultural and Historical Context
- Ancient Traditions: Many mead types have roots in ancient cultures, often used in rituals and ceremonies.
- Regional Variations:
- Tej (Ethiopia): A traditional mead made with gesho, a local bittering agent.
- Chouchen (Brittany, France): A mead with apples or apple juice.
- Sima (Finland): A quick-fermented mead associated with May Day celebrations.